A
stepper motor is a device that converts electrical energy into kinetic energy.
There are many types of it. The phenomenon and cause of damage to different
types of stepper motors will be different, but in summary, it is nothing more
than two categories: electrical and mechanical.
Issues in selection
and installation：
1. The level between the stepper motor and the
load is not adjusted properly, resulting in radial impact due to the disagreement
between the load and the stepper motor.
2. The screws for stepping motor installation
are not fixed properly, or the fixing frame is not designed well.
3. When supplying power, the problem of the withstand
voltage of the stepper motor was not considered. For example, 220 volts were
used, and 380 volts were used to enter it.
4. Some stepper motors and servo motors cannot
be disassembled privately to replace bearings or the like, otherwise the
magnetic field may be lost or the encoder magnetic pole zero offset may not be
used normally.
5. The load needs some special brakes. The
stepper motor is not equipped with brakes, so it may not be able to release the
energy when it stops.
6. The stepper motor is not designed with some
protection devices, such as overheating, overload, overtemperature, and lack of
equalization. These may happen during use, but because the protection is not in
place, the stepper motor will be burned directly.
7. The load condition is not taken into
consideration when selecting the model. Some loads start and stop frequently,
and may only need 10W of power. Considering heat dissipation and weakness in
the design, a 30W motor may be required.
8. The wiring is wrong, for example, the star
connection is connected to the triangle, and the triangle is connected to the
star, which may cause overheating inside the motor.
9. The wiring is wrong, or the front and back
are reversed, or the wire is selected thin, or the terminal lug is not pressed well,
resulting in excessive contact resistance.
10. If you use a photoelectric encoder or the
like, you need to consider some dust protection and anti-collision protection.
11. The driver is broken, causing the stepper
motor to burn out due to instantaneous high voltage or high current.
Gear issues：
1. Insufficient lubricating oil, aging or adding
too much, the lubricating oil should not exceed 70% of the volume of the
bearing cap and bearing.
2. The installation is not in place, such as the
bearing and the bearing cover are too tight or too loose. The concentricity is
not right, and there is eccentric force causing damage.
3. The level of the coupling is not adjusted
properly, the gears or synchronous belts between the transmissions are too
tight, and the shaft is impacted and deformed by the load force.
4. The quality of the bearing is not good, and
the clearance of the bearing is too small or too large.
5. There are impurities such as iron powder in
the lubricating oil, or the oil ring inside is stuck.
Quality Issues：
1. The copper wire of the coil winding is
unqualified, or the number of turns is not enough, or there are problems such
as different resistance values of
each phase.
2. For some permanent magnet motors, the
magnetic material is not resistant to high temperature and loses magnetism
after a period of use.
3. The insulation of the motor is not good.
Sometimes the power grid voltage of the factory power supply is too high, and
the voltage fluctuates slightly, causing insulation breakdown.
Environmental issues
of stepper motors：
1. For high-temperature occasions, such as over
50 degrees for a long time, and the load is relatively heavy, when selecting
the motor, no high-temperature-resistant motors such as F and H are used, and
no separate air cooling system is designed, and the motor temperature is too
high for long-term operation.
2. For loads with large vibrations, the problem
of resonance should be considered. When fixing the motor, the direction of the
screw should consider whether it will loosen due to vibration.
3.
The ambient humidity is too high, and there is no detailed consideration in
terms of electrical insulation, which may cause leakage on the circuit.
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